Which of the following total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratios puts an individual at the greatest risk for coronary artery disease?

180:40

200:30

220:50

A 20-year-old male visits his physician because he wants to begin an exercise program. Results of a maximal graded exercise test indicate he had an episode of supraventricular tachycardia at a heart rate of 160 bpm. The physician clears him for exercise with a fitness professional. Based on this information, which of the following should the fitness professional do?

perform a cardiorespiratory evaluation up to 85% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate

recommend a heart-healthy diet and begin a low-intensity exercise program

conduct a fitness examination using 150 bpm at the maximum heart rate

A client complains of being cold, wears layered and baggy clothing, fatigues towards the end of workouts, and seems obsesses with working out. Which of the following should the fitness professional suspect?

anorexia nervosa

obsessive compulsive disorder

drug abuse

A 25-year-old woman has been trying to lose weight for 3 months and has only lost 2 lbs (1 kg). She has been working out 3 times a week and walking for 20 minutes daily for the last month. It would appear as though she has no limitations. For the client's weight reduction program, the best aerobic workout would be one that expends

200 calories, 60% fat

230 calories, 50% fat

250 calories, 40% fat

A client has collapsed for no apparent reason. What is the first thing the fitness professional should do?

call emergency medical services

check for responsiveness

open the airway

Exercise training results in an increase of which of the following cardio-protective mechanisms?

C-reactive protein (CRP)

high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

white blood cells (WBC)

Which of the following advances the final stage of atherogenesis in coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease?

prostoglandins

chemokines

lesions

A 35-year-old male client has a BMI of 30. He has a meniscal repair 2 years ago. Which of the following is the most appropriate exercise modalities?

jogging

bicycling

stepping

Which of the following is most appropriate for an 80-year-old female with a history of falling and osteoporosis in her hip?

knee extensions

bodyweight squats

leg Press

Which of the following would be most appropriate when initiating a weight training program for individuals over 50-years-old?

4-5 muscle groups, with 2 sets of 8-12 repetitions twice a week

6-8 muscle groups, with 2 sets of 10-15 repetitions 5 times a week

8-10 muscle groups, with 2 sets of 10-15 repetitions 3 times a week

A client with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is placed on an intermittent walking protocol. A fitness professional should instruct the client to walk at a pace within which of the following pain levels?

intense

onset of pain

moderate

A 15-year-old male client weighs 164 lbs (74.4 kg) and 69 in (172 cm) tall. What is his BMI?

29

27

25

An 87-year-old female is consulting with a fitness professional. She is a cancer survivor and has lost 8 lb (3.6 kg) over the past year. Which of the following are most appropriate to include in her exercise program?

multi-joint, upper body exercises, low impact aerobic exercises, and abdominal curls

closed chain lower body exercises, high impact aerobic exercises, and lumbar extension stretching

low impact aerobic exercises, supine abdominal stability exercises, and machine-based exercises

Aging is most associated with a loss of muscular

power.

strength.

endurance.

A client is scheduled to perform a sequence of exercise tests and the results will be used to prescribe activity. Which of the following forms should a fitness professional obtain first?

informed consent

health history

medical records

A 25-year-old woman who is a competitive skier comes to a fitness professional because she wants to get into better shape before the ski season. The fitness professional wants to obtain preliminary information about the client before administering fitness tests and designing her exercise program. During the medical history review, the client indicates she has surgery 3 months ago on her medial meniscus in her right knee. Which of the following should the fitness professional do next?

inform the client she needs medical clearance identifying restrictions

have the client perform a 1RM leg press test to check the strength of the knee

design an exercise program that excludes lower body exercises for the next month

A 40-year-old man comes in for an overall conditioning and nutrition program. He is 73 in (185 cm) tall and weighs 174 lbs (80 kg). He had ACL surgery 2 years ago on his right knee, but says it is now better. He says he is in good physical condition and seldom gets sick. He has 14% bodyfat, his resting heart reate is 65 bpm, and he had his physician's approval to begin an exercise program. Results of the sit and reach test indicated below average flexibility. Which of the following is most appropriate to have the client perform?

the hamstring stretch laying on back with one leg at a time straight in the air, hold 15 to 30 seconds for 3 to 5 reps

modified hurdler's stretch to the point of discomfort and hold 15 to 30 seconds, for 3 to 5 reps

toe touches (standing) hold 15 to 30 seconds for 1 to 4 reps

The preferred method of exercise testing for aerobic capacity in individuals with chronic restrictive pulmonary disease is

6 minute walk.

treadmill (1-2 METs/stage).

cycle (ramp protocol 25-50 W/3 min stage).

Exercise Induced Asthma (EIA) is defined as a fall in FEV1 of 15% from baseline or a fall in peak flow of 20% from baseline. The objective of improving exercise tolerance can be achieved by encouraging individuals with asthma to exercise at what percentage of maximal work rate?

40%

50%

60%

For individuals with obesity, in order to lose and maintain a healthy body weight, aerobic activity is the preferred mode of exercise to decrease fat weight allowing expenditure of more energy. Of the following choices, which fall within recommended programming parameters?

350-400 minutes per week

non-weight-bearing exercise; walking; increase in activities of daily living; resistance training

exercise intensity of <40% of peak oxygen consumption

A client with HIV wants to increase his strength and endurance levels. Special considerations you must take prior to working with this client include

staff training in and following universal precaution practices.

asking him to sanitize all surfaces to avoid infecting others.

making sure he is comfortable performing high intensity muscular activity.

Primary symptoms of fibromyalgia precipitate secondary symptoms of the disease such as

chronic fatigue.

joint swelling.

musculoskeletal pain.

The preferred modality for assessing aerobic fitness levels in clients with chronic LBP is

the treadmill.

stair climbing.

the cycle ergometer.

An individual with multiple sclerosis is requesting an exercise program to increase strength and stability in her joints in order to feel more confident in avoiding falls. It is important to be aware that

she has no sensory loss that may interfere with upright activities.

heat intolerance may affect intensity, duration, mode, and environmental demands.

morning is not the optimal time to test.

Your client has recently undergone a cardiac event and revascularization intervention, has completed a 12 week cardiac rehabilitation program, and is ready to begin a self-maintained program. Working with this client during exercise testing using the treadmill (1-2 METs/3Min stage) his SBP is 230mmHg/or DBP is 1-5mmHg. You decide to

decrease the treadmill speed to 1.0 mph.

understand that the client is reaching endpoints which may not indicate test termination.

stop the test due to the client reaching endpoints.

Special considerations for exercise testing of individuals with cancer include which of the following?

evaluate other comorbidities that may influence ability and safety to exercise

exercise testing is not recommended for individuals being treated for recurrent, localized disease

exercise testing is not recommended for individuals actively receiving cancer treatment

Your client is undergoing chemotherapy, on off weeks receives immunotherapy, and has been reporting that he has been getting tired quickly with simple activities of daily living. His goals are to get strong enough to be able to go on walks with his dog, keep up with preparing meals, and doing simple things around the house.

Exercise Testing 12 minute walk: 1255 feet

Peak HR: 155 bpm

Peak BP: 175/85 mm/Hg

No chest pain, dizziness, pain or other discomfort

Overhead press 1 RM: 25 kg

Leg press 1 RM: 55 kg

As his trainer, you should consider which of the following before having him begin his exercise program?

know where the client is in the treatment schedule and his ability at each session in order to make appropriate session adaptions

ensure that your client does not begin the exercise program while still in active treatment

exercise is contraindicated for individuals receiving radiation therapy due to the potential for cardiac and lung scarring

Your client is undergoing chemotherapy, on off weeks receives immunotherapy, and has been reporting that he has been getting tired quickly with simple activities of daily living. His goals are to get strong enough to be able to go on walks with his dog, keep up with preparing meals, and doing simple things around the house.

Exercise Testing 12 minute walk: 1255 feet

Peak HR: 155 bpm

Peak BP: 175/85 mm/Hg

No chest pain, dizziness, pain or other discomfort

Overhead press 1 RM: 25 kg Leg press 1 RM: 55 kg

Which of the following choices are appropriate for your client?

aerobic training post active treatment most days of the weeks for 20-25 minutes at an RPE of 10 gradually increasing time to 60 minutes/day over 10 weeks

strength training all major muscle groups 3 days/week for 1 set of 10-12 reps, to fatigue and increases as tolerated

strength exercise is not indicated for individuals who are in active treatment

What is the first course of action for a fitness professional before prescribing any exercise program?

conduct exercise testing to assess the fitness level and specific needs in order to design an appropriate plan

conduct pre-participation screening to identify clients who should undergo a medical evaluation prior to activity

conduct a medical evaluation to identify if the client has known cardiovascular disease, symptoms of CVD, or risk factors for disease development

A client has strong and increasing criticism of her body, seems to lose extreme amounts of weight in short periods, eats large amounts of food and then purges selectively, and has frequent mood swings. What disorder might you suspect in this client?

anorexia nervosa

poor self-esteem

bulimia nervosa

Which of the following before and after exercise have been shown to promote gains in skeletal muscle mass, muscle fiber cross sectional area, or myofibrilar protein to a greater extent than carbohydrate alone?

macronutrient and vitamin supplementation

protein and amino acid supplementation

omega-3 and amino acid supplementation

A physical therapist referred a high school female athlete to a fitness professional. The client has completed a 12-week rehabilitation program from an ACL reconstruction. What key movement pattern should be emphasized during jump training?

leg (knee) extension upon landing

leg (knee) flexion over the toes upon landing

hip flexion and heel strike upon landing

As a child's training age increases, adaptations due to resistance training will likely occur

more quickly.

at the same rate.

more slowly.