The squat is one of the most widely used exercises in resistance training programs. The aim of this narrative review was to analyze the effect of the squat on lower-limb muscle hypertrophy. Briefly, the available literature indicates that the squat is an effective exercise for inducing hypertrophy of the quadriceps, mainly the vastii, but also the rectus femoris, although to a reduced magnitude. Multiple lines of evidence suggest little to no hamstring hypertrophy from the back squat. Although the gluteus maximus clearly participates mechanically in the back squat, few longitudinal studies exist on the topic. The limited evidence available on this topic suggests deeper squats may be more hypertrophic for the gluteus maximus, and that, squat depth beyond 908 of knee flexion may not provide further hypertrophy of the knee extensors. Despite the popularity of the many squat variations, there are still controversies surrounding their hypertrophic potential for lower-limb musculature. Further studies are needed to investigate the hypertrophic effects of different squat variations, as well as differences in hypertrophy because of squat depth, stance, barbell position, and different squat apparatuses/machines.

Explore why Dr. Jay Dawes has been selected as the 2026 NSCA Foundation Legacy Scholarship Honoree for his lasting impact on tactical strength and conditioning.

Gain a deeper understanding of how to safely train and program for the shoulder joint with Lee Boyce

The CSPS examination reflect the most current and accepted KSA standards within the health and fitness industries. Further, the examinations may be developed from references that may be in addition to resources listed below. NSCA materials survey important content area, but are not a comprehensive study of the Exercise not a comprehensive study of the Exercise Sciences.

The National Strength and Conditioning Association Foundation is proud to announce the recipients of its 2024 Research and Coaching Advancement Grants. This cycle, the Foundation will distribute more than $162,000 in grants and resources to 11 deserving NSCA Members within the strength and conditioning community. These grants fulfill the Foundation’s mission of supporting the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) by funding educational and research endeavors that enhance the practical application of strength and conditioning.

Joint Statement from NSCA and CSCCa to NCAA on Behalf of Division 1 Strength and Conditioning Coaches

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Learn about the basics of the high school strength and conditioning coach profession: description, responsibilities, qualifications, pay, advantages, and challenges.