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Notice: The NSCA website is scheduled to undergo system maintenance from 12:00 AM - 2:30 AM EST. During this time, there may be short service interruptions across the site and some parts of the site may not be accessible. We apologize for any inconvenience while we work to improve the website experience and security.

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(114 found)

Understanding Inter-Individual Responses to Exercise

December 11, 2020

Article Members Only

This article briefly describes how individuals can have the same training program, but have large fluctuations in the adaptation responses due to genetic and life style factors.

Personal trainers Exercise Science Adaptations Genetics Personal Trainer Biological Factors

Reframing Inflammation in the Tendon Repair Process

November 1, 2015

Article Members Only

Contrary to popular belief, inflammation is the first stage in tissue repair, and it should be viewed and treated as such. This article will explain the physiological process of tendon tissue repair and compare the effects of various responses to tendonitis.

Coaches Exercise Science Program design Safety tendons and muscles sports injuries tendon repair inflammation tendon injuries

Bone Stress Response Injuries in Law Enforcement Recruits

March 12, 2021

Article Members Only

This article looks to explain why law enforcement recruits have higher incidences of lower extremity bone stress responses and stress fractures. It also explores injury mitigation pathways to increase the graduation rates among law enforcement academies.

TSAC Facilitators Program design Basic Pathophysiology and Science of Health Status or Condition and Disorder or Disease Law Enforcement Bone Stress Recruits Injury Mitigation

Nutrition Research Column – Unlocking the “Pink” Competitive Edge with Astaxanthin

November 3, 2025

Article Members Only

This TSAC Report article highlights resilience and recovery with the performance-enhancing benefits of astaxanthin. Visit NSCA online to learn more about nutrition, resistance training, and tactical athletes

TSAC Facilitators Exercise Science Nutrition Program design Organization and Administration Testing and Evaluation Basic Pathophysiology and Science of Health Status or Condition and Disorder or Disease Professional Development Tactical Athlete Cardiovascular Health Muscle Recovery Occupational Performance Antioxidants Resistance Training Nutrition Supplements Carotenoid

Increasing Performance on Tactical Aerobic Endurance Tasks

August 24, 2018

Article Members Only

When isolating aerobic capacity as a determinant of performance, traditional interventions have focused on increasing an individual’s VO2max. Based on the large acute improvements from a single positive psychology research study, investigations into the application of integrated psychophysiological strategies to optimize performance should be explored.

TSAC Facilitators Exercise Science Program design Aerobic Endurance Training TSAC Tactical Performance Task Neurofeedback Training

Catecholamines

June 1, 2017

Article

The catecholamines—primarily epinephrine, but also norepinephrine and dopamine—are secreted by the adrenal medulla and are important for the acute expression of strength and power because the hormones act as central motor stimulators and peripheral vascular dilators to enhance enzyme systems and calcium release in muscle.

Coaches Exercise Science catecholamines hormonal adaptations kinetic select

Hormonal Response to Muscle Contraction

September 17, 2021

Article

This excerpt from Strength Training describes the hormone response to exercise and their functions within the human body.

Coaches Exercise Science Endocrine System Hormones Muscular Force Production Resistance Exercise IGF Testosterone

Growth Hormone Responses to Stress

June 1, 2017

Article

Growth hormone release is affected by the type of resistance training protocol used, including the duration of rest periods. Short rest period types of workouts result in greater serum concentrations compared to long rest protocols of similar total work; however, at present it is not clear how the various molecular forms or types of growth hormones are affected by rest period duration.

Coaches Exercise Science Nutrition growth hormone resistance training rest period GH

Exercise Physiology 101 – What Every Personal Trainer Should Know

December 8, 2019

Article Members Only

The purpose of this article is to help both personal trainers and clients with seven main concepts within exercise physiology that will improve training effectiveness and assist in explaining the body’s response to exercise.

Personal trainers Exercise Science Nutrition Exercise Technique Program design Exercise Physiology Stroke Volume Hydration EPOC Resistance Training Bone Density Aerobic Exercise

Nutrition Research Column — April 2026 — Dietary Antioxidants for Health, Physical Performance, and Occupational Readiness – Sense or Nonsense?

May 29, 2026

Article Members Only

This TSAC column reviews oxidative damage in tactical populations and examines the role of dietary antioxidants in health and readiness. Visit NSCA online to learn more on nutrition research and tactical performance.

TSAC Facilitators Exercise Science Nutrition Program design Testing and Evaluation Safety Emergency Procedures Basic Pathophysiology and Science of Health Status or Condition and Disorder or Disease Professional Development Ergogenic Health Environmental Stress Recovery Astaxanthin Tactical Performance Occupational Readiness Carotenoids Curcumin Antioxidants

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